廖玉(yu)平 住房和(he)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)建設部建筑市場監管司(si)副司(si)長
9月(yue)4日(ri)，習近平(ping)總(zong)書(shu)記在2020年中國國際服務貿易交易會全球服務貿易峰會上指(zhi)出，要順應數(shu)字化、網絡化、智能(neng)化發展趨勢，積(ji)極促進數(shu)字經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)、共享(xiang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)等蓬勃發展，推動世界經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)不斷煥發生機活力。
建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)是我(wo)國(guo)國(guo)民(min)經濟的支柱產(chan)業(ye)(ye)，也是重(zhong)要的傳統產(chan)業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)基(ji)礎產(chan)業(ye)(ye)。近年來，我(wo)國(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)持續快速發(fa)展，建(jian)造能力不斷(duan)增(zeng)強，產(chan)業(ye)(ye)規模不斷(duan)擴大。2019年全國(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)總產(chan)值達到24.8萬(wan)億(yi)元，同(tong)比增(zeng)長5.68%；建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)實現增(zeng)加值7.09萬(wan)億(yi)元，占(zhan)GDP的7.16%。建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)的持續快速發(fa)展，為經濟社會發(fa)展、城鄉建(jian)設和(he)(he)民(min)生改善作出了(le)重(zhong)要貢獻。
然(ran)而我們也要(yao)看到(dao)，目前我國建筑業主要(yao)依賴資(zi)(zi)源要(yao)素投入和大規模投資(zi)(zi)拉(la)動發展，建筑工業化(hua)、信息(xi)化(hua)水平較(jiao)低，生產方式粗放(fang)、勞動效率不(bu)高(gao)、能(neng)(neng)源資(zi)(zi)源消(xiao)耗較(jiao)大、環境污染(ran)嚴重(zhong)、科(ke)技(ji)創新(xin)能(neng)(neng)力(li)不(bu)足等問(wen)題比較(jiao)突出。特(te)別是在今年新(xin)冠肺炎(yan)疫情突發的(de)特(te)殊(shu)背景下，建筑業傳(chuan)統(tong)建造(zao)方式受到(dao)較(jiao)大沖擊，粗放(fang)型(xing)發展模式已難以為繼(ji)，迫切(qie)需(xu)要(yao)通過加(jia)快數字化(hua)轉型(xing)，推動智能(neng)(neng)建造(zao)與建筑工業化(hua)協同(tong)發展，走(zou)出一條(tiao)內(nei)涵集約(yue)式高(gao)質量發展新(xin)路(lu)。
為推(tui)(tui)動建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)化、數字化、智能(neng)化升級，加快建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)方式轉變，推(tui)(tui)動建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)高(gao)質量發展(zhan)，日前(qian)，住房和(he)城鄉(xiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設部(bu)會(hui)同(tong)有關部(bu)門(men)聯合(he)發文，要求大力推(tui)(tui)動智能(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)與建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)化協(xie)同(tong)發展(zhan)，推(tui)(tui)進(jin)形成涵蓋科研、設計、生產(chan)(chan)加工、施工裝配、運營(ying)管理等全產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈融合(he)一(yi)體(ti)的智能(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)系(xi)。力爭到2025年，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)智能(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)與建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)化協(xie)同(tong)發展(zhan)的政策(ce)體(ti)系(xi)和(he)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)系(xi)基本建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)互(hu)聯網平臺(tai)初步建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立，推(tui)(tui)動形成一(yi)批智能(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)龍頭企業(ye)(ye)(ye)，打造(zao)(zao)(zao)“中國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)”升級版。到2035年，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)智能(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)與建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)化協(xie)同(tong)發展(zhan)取得顯著進(jin)展(zhan)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)化全面實現，邁入智能(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)世界強國(guo)(guo)行(xing)列。
為推(tui)動上述目(mu)標(biao)的(de)實(shi)現(xian)，下(xia)(xia)一(yi)步，我們(men)將重點抓(zhua)好以下(xia)(xia)工作。
一是大(da)(da)力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)裝配(pei)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，“像造汽車一樣造房子”，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工業化(hua)(hua)升級。發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)裝配(pei)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)是建(jian)(jian)(jian)造方(fang)式(shi)的(de)重大(da)(da)變(bian)革，有利于(yu)促進建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業與信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)、工業化(hua)(hua)深度融合。近年(nian)來，我國(guo)(guo)裝配(pei)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)態(tai)勢良好，據統計(ji)，2019年(nian)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)新(xin)開工裝配(pei)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)4.2億(yi)平(ping)方(fang)米，較上(shang)年(nian)增長45%，占新(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積的(de)比例約為(wei)13.4%。在(zai)快(kuai)速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)同(tong)時(shi)，裝配(pei)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)也存(cun)在(zai)標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)、信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)、智能化(hua)(hua)水平(ping)不高等(deng)問題。我們要(yao)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立以標(biao)準部(bu)品為(wei)基礎的(de)專業化(hua)(hua)、規模化(hua)(hua)、信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)生產(chan)體(ti)系(xi)，持續推(tui)(tui)動(dong)以標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)設計(ji)、工廠化(hua)(hua)生產(chan)、裝配(pei)化(hua)(hua)施(shi)工、一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)裝修和(he)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)管理(li)為(wei)特征(zheng)的(de)裝配(pei)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。同(tong)時(shi)，要(yao)大(da)(da)力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)鋼結(jie)(jie)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，充(chong)分發(fa)(fa)揮鋼結(jie)(jie)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)抗震性能優(you)(you)越、平(ping)面布(bu)置靈活、綠(lv)色環保的(de)優(you)(you)勢，在(zai)學校、醫院(yuan)、辦公(gong)樓、酒店(dian)等(deng)公(gong)共建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，以及大(da)(da)型展(zhan)(zhan)覽(lan)館(guan)(guan)、科技館(guan)(guan)、體(ti)育館(guan)(guan)、商場(chang)、倉儲設施(shi)、立體(ti)停車庫、市政橋梁(liang)、客(ke)運(yun)場(chang)站等(deng)大(da)(da)跨度建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，鼓勵優(you)(you)先采用鋼結(jie)(jie)構(gou)。同(tong)時(shi)，要(yao)加大(da)(da)鋼結(jie)(jie)構(gou)在(zai)住(zhu)宅、農房建(jian)(jian)(jian)設、老舊小區改(gai)造等(deng)領域的(de)推(tui)(tui)廣應(ying)用。
二是積極探索研(yan)發應(ying)(ying)用(yong)建筑機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器人(ren)，逐步用(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器代替人(ren)工(gong)(gong)建造房子，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)建造水平(ping)。建筑機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器人(ren)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)前景廣闊、市場(chang)巨大(da)，已(yi)經成為全球建筑業關注的熱點(dian)(dian)。近年來，我國在通用(yong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械和(he)(he)架橋(qiao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、造樓機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)備(bei)研(yan)發應(ying)(ying)用(yong)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)取(qu)得了顯著(zhu)進展，在部(bu)品(pin)部(bu)件生產(chan)加工(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)廠化(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)水平(ping)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)也提(ti)(ti)高明顯，但在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)，建筑機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器人(ren)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)尚處于起(qi)步階段(duan)。我們要(yao)推(tui)進自動化(hua)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械、3D打印機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等先(xian)進制造設(she)備(bei)、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)設(she)備(bei)及(ji)智(zhi)(zhi)慧工(gong)(gong)地相(xiang)關設(she)備(bei)的研(yan)發、制造、集(ji)成和(he)(he)推(tui)廣應(ying)(ying)用(yong)，探索批量(liang)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)具備(bei)人(ren)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)協調、自然(ran)交(jiao)互(hu)、自主學習功能(neng)的建筑機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器人(ren)，以(yi)工(gong)(gong)廠生產(chan)和(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)關鍵環節為重點(dian)(dian)，不斷提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)和(he)(he)效率，降低(di)安全風險。
三是(shi)加(jia)快(kuai)打(da)造建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑產業互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)平臺，打(da)通(tong)(tong)工(gong)廠“智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)制(zhi)造”和現場(chang)“智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造”全(quan)流程，推(tui)進(jin)(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)轉型(xing)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑產業互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)是(shi)新一(yi)代信息(xi)(xi)技(ji)術與(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業深度融(rong)合(he)形成(cheng)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)基礎(chu)設施，是(shi)促進(jin)(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)升級的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)支撐，是(shi)打(da)通(tong)(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業上(shang)下游產業鏈(lian)、實現協(xie)同(tong)發展(zhan)的(de)重要依(yi)托，是(shi)推(tui)動(dong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造與(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)業化(hua)(hua)協(xie)同(tong)發展(zhan)的(de)重點(dian)內容。我們要加(jia)強頂層設計(ji)，制(zhi)定發展(zhan)規劃，引(yin)導市場(chang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑產業互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)平臺，推(tui)進(jin)(jin)工(gong)業互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)平臺在建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑領域(yu)的(de)融(rong)合(he)應用，研究開發面向建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑領域(yu)的(de)應用程序。同(tong)時，要大力(li)(li)推(tui)廣BIM（建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑信息(xi)(xi)模型(xing)）技(ji)術，加(jia)快(kuai)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)BIM技(ji)術在建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑全(quan)壽(shou)命(ming)周期(qi)的(de)一(yi)體化(hua)(hua)集成(cheng)應用。充(chong)分利用社會(hui)資(zi)(zi)源，共(gong)同(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)、維護基于BIM技(ji)術的(de)標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)部(bu)(bu)品部(bu)(bu)件庫，實現設計(ji)、采(cai)購、生產、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造、交付、運行維護等階(jie)段的(de)信息(xi)(xi)互(hu)聯(lian)互(hu)通(tong)(tong)和交互(hu)共(gong)享。試點(dian)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)BIM報(bao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)審(shen)批和施工(gong)圖BIM審(shen)圖模式，推(tui)進(jin)(jin)與(yu)CIM（城(cheng)市信息(xi)(xi)模型(xing)）平臺的(de)融(rong)通(tong)(tong)聯(lian)動(dong)，提高(gao)信息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)監管能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，提高(gao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑行業全(quan)產業鏈(lian)資(zi)(zi)源配置效率。
四是加(jia)(jia)大人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)力度，為智(zhi)能(neng)建(jian)造與建(jian)筑工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)協同(tong)發(fa)展(zhan)提供智(zhi)力支撐。要建(jian)立智(zhi)能(neng)建(jian)造人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)(pei)養和(he)(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)長效機制，打(da)造多種形式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)多層次(ci)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)(pei)養平(ping)(ping)臺。大力培(pei)(pei)養裝配(pei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)(he)鋼結構(gou)建(jian)筑設(she)計人(ren)(ren)才(cai)，提高(gao)(gao)建(jian)筑行業(ye)(ye)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)技術人(ren)(ren)員數(shu)字化(hua)水平(ping)(ping)，培(pei)(pei)養既(ji)懂土(tu)(tu)木建(jian)造、又能(neng)熟練掌握數(shu)字化(hua)技術的(de)(de)復合型(xing)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)。要加(jia)(jia)快培(pei)(pei)育(yu)數(shu)字時代建(jian)筑產(chan)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)隊伍，提高(gao)(gao)建(jian)筑工(gong)人(ren)(ren)智(zhi)能(neng)建(jian)造技能(neng)，加(jia)(jia)大對(dui)裝配(pei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)(he)鋼結構(gou)建(jian)筑緊缺工(gong)種的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)訓力度，引(yin)導企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)適應智(zhi)能(neng)建(jian)造要求的(de)(de)新型(xing)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)。同(tong)時，要加(jia)(jia)強后備人(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)(pei)養，鼓勵引(yin)導高(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)院校開設(she)智(zhi)能(neng)建(jian)造和(he)(he)(he)裝配(pei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)筑專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)，鼓勵企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)高(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)院校深(shen)化(hua)合作(zuo)，提供人(ren)(ren)才(cai)后備保(bao)障。
推動智(zhi)能建(jian)造與(yu)(yu)建(jian)筑工(gong)業化協同發展是(shi)一項復雜且龐大(da)的(de)系統工(gong)程，也是(shi)一件新生事物，需要不(bu)斷探(tan)(tan)索(suo)實踐。要繼(ji)續推動試點示范工(gong)作，探(tan)(tan)索(suo)適(shi)合我國國情的(de)智(zhi)能建(jian)造與(yu)(yu)建(jian)筑工(gong)業化協同發展路徑和模式，加強智(zhi)能建(jian)造及建(jian)筑工(gong)業化應(ying)用場(chang)景建(jian)設，發揮龍頭企業示范引(yin)領作用。
今年是全面(mian)建成小(xiao)康社(she)會和“十(shi)三五”規劃(hua)收官之(zhi)年，也是“十(shi)四(si)五”規劃(hua)編制啟動之(zhi)年，我們(men)要總結(jie)經驗，謀劃(hua)未來，堅持以習近平(ping)新時代中(zhong)國特色社(she)會主義(yi)思想為(wei)指導，增(zeng)強“四(si)個意識”，堅定“四(si)個自信(xin)”，做到“兩個維護”，堅定信(xin)心，攜手共進(jin)，奮發有為(wei)，為(wei)促進(jin)建筑產(chan)業轉(zhuan)型升級(ji)，實現行業高質(zhi)量發展，也為(wei)全面(mian)建成小(xiao)康社(she)會、實現第一個百年奮斗目標作出更大的貢獻。
