廖玉平 住房和(he)城乡建(jian)设部建(jian)筑市场监(jian)管司副(fu)司长
9月4日，习近(jin)平总书记在2020年中国国际服(fu)务(wu)(wu)贸(mao)易交易会全球服(fu)务(wu)(wu)贸(mao)易峰会上指出，要(yao)顺应(ying)数字化(hua)、网(wang)络(luo)化(hua)、智能(neng)化(hua)发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趋(qu)势，积极促进(jin)数字经(jing)济、共享(xiang)经(jing)济等(deng)蓬(peng)勃发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，推动世界经(jing)济不断焕发(fa)(fa)生机活力。
建筑业(ye)是我国国民经济(ji)的(de)支柱产(chan)业(ye)，也(ye)是重要(yao)的(de)传统产(chan)业(ye)和(he)基(ji)础产(chan)业(ye)。近年来，我国建筑业(ye)持续快(kuai)速(su)发(fa)展，建造能力不(bu)断增(zeng)(zeng)强，产(chan)业(ye)规模不(bu)断扩大。2019年全国建筑业(ye)总产(chan)值(zhi)达(da)到24.8万亿(yi)元，同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)长5.68%；建筑业(ye)实现(xian)增(zeng)(zeng)加值(zhi)7.09万亿(yi)元，占(zhan)GDP的(de)7.16%。建筑业(ye)的(de)持续快(kuai)速(su)发(fa)展，为经济(ji)社会发(fa)展、城乡建设和(he)民生(sheng)改善作出(chu)了重要(yao)贡献。
然而(er)我(wo)们(men)也要(yao)看到(dao)，目前我(wo)国建(jian)筑(zhu)业(ye)主(zhu)要(yao)依赖资源(yuan)(yuan)要(yao)素(su)投入和大规模投资拉动(dong)发(fa)展(zhan)，建(jian)筑(zhu)工业(ye)化(hua)(hua)、信息化(hua)(hua)水平较低，生产方式(shi)(shi)粗(cu)放(fang)、劳动(dong)效率不高、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)资源(yuan)(yuan)消耗(hao)较大、环(huan)境污(wu)染严重、科技创新(xin)能(neng)力不足等问(wen)题比较突(tu)(tu)出。特(te)(te)别(bie)是在今年新(xin)冠肺炎疫(yi)情突(tu)(tu)发(fa)的特(te)(te)殊背景下，建(jian)筑(zhu)业(ye)传统建(jian)造(zao)方式(shi)(shi)受(shou)到(dao)较大冲击(ji)，粗(cu)放(fang)型(xing)发(fa)展(zhan)模式(shi)(shi)已难(nan)以(yi)为(wei)继，迫切需要(yao)通过加快数字化(hua)(hua)转型(xing)，推动(dong)智能(neng)建(jian)造(zao)与(yu)建(jian)筑(zhu)工业(ye)化(hua)(hua)协(xie)同(tong)发(fa)展(zhan)，走出一条内(nei)涵集约式(shi)(shi)高质量发(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)路。
为推动(dong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)业化(hua)(hua)、数字化(hua)(hua)、智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)升(sheng)级(ji)，加快建(jian)造(zao)方式转变，推动(dong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)业高(gao)质量(liang)发(fa)展(zhan)，日前，住(zhu)房(fang)和城乡建(jian)设部(bu)会同有关部(bu)门联(lian)合发(fa)文，要求大力(li)推动(dong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)造(zao)与建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)业化(hua)(hua)协(xie)同发(fa)展(zhan)，推进形成涵(han)盖科研(yan)、设计、生产(chan)加工(gong)、施工(gong)装配、运营管理等(deng)全产(chan)业链融合一体(ti)的智能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)造(zao)产(chan)业体(ti)系。力(li)争到2025年，我国(guo)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)造(zao)与建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)业化(hua)(hua)协(xie)同发(fa)展(zhan)的政策体(ti)系和产(chan)业体(ti)系基本建(jian)立，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)产(chan)业互(hu)联(lian)网平台初步建(jian)立，推动(dong)形成一批智能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)造(zao)龙头(tou)企(qi)业，打造(zao)“中国(guo)建(jian)造(zao)”升(sheng)级(ji)版。到2035年，我国(guo)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)造(zao)与建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)业化(hua)(hua)协(xie)同发(fa)展(zhan)取得显著进展(zhan)，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)业化(hua)(hua)全面(mian)实(shi)现，迈入(ru)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)造(zao)世界强国(guo)行(xing)列。
为推动上述目标的(de)实现，下(xia)一步(bu)，我们将重点抓好以下(xia)工作。
一是(shi)大(da)力(li)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)装(zhuang)配(pei)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，“像造汽车(che)一样造房(fang)子”，推动建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)业(ye)化(hua)升(sheng)级。发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)装(zhuang)配(pei)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造方式(shi)的重大(da)变革，有利于促进(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)业(ye)与(yu)信息化(hua)、工(gong)(gong)业(ye)化(hua)深度融合(he)。近年(nian)来，我(wo)国(guo)装(zhuang)配(pei)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)态势良好(hao)，据统计，2019年(nian)全(quan)国(guo)新开工(gong)(gong)装(zhuang)配(pei)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)4.2亿平(ping)(ping)方米，较上(shang)年(nian)增长45%，占(zhan)新建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面积(ji)的比例约为(wei)13.4%。在(zai)(zai)快(kuai)速发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的同时(shi)，装(zhuang)配(pei)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)也存在(zai)(zai)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)化(hua)、信息化(hua)、智能化(hua)水平(ping)(ping)不高等问(wen)题。我(wo)们要推动建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立以标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)部品(pin)为(wei)基础的专业(ye)化(hua)、规模化(hua)、信息化(hua)生产体(ti)(ti)系，持续推动以标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)化(hua)设计、工(gong)(gong)厂化(hua)生产、装(zhuang)配(pei)化(hua)施工(gong)(gong)、一体(ti)(ti)化(hua)装(zhuang)修和(he)信息化(hua)管理为(wei)特征(zheng)的装(zhuang)配(pei)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。同时(shi)，要大(da)力(li)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)钢(gang)结(jie)构建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，充(chong)分发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)挥钢(gang)结(jie)构建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)抗震性能优越、平(ping)(ping)面布置灵活、绿色环保的优势，在(zai)(zai)学校、医院、办公楼、酒(jiu)店等公共建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，以及大(da)型(xing)展(zhan)(zhan)览馆(guan)、科技馆(guan)、体(ti)(ti)育(yu)馆(guan)、商(shang)场(chang)、仓储设施、立体(ti)(ti)停车(che)库、市政桥梁、客(ke)运(yun)场(chang)站等大(da)跨度建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，鼓(gu)励(li)优先采用钢(gang)结(jie)构。同时(shi)，要加大(da)钢(gang)结(jie)构在(zai)(zai)住宅、农(nong)房(fang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)设、老旧小(xiao)区改造等领域的推广(guang)应用。
二是积极(ji)探索(suo)(suo)研发应用(yong)(yong)建筑机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)，逐(zhu)步(bu)用(yong)(yong)机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)代替(ti)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建造(zao)房(fang)子，提(ti)升(sheng)智(zhi)能(neng)建造(zao)水(shui)平。建筑机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)应用(yong)(yong)前景(jing)广阔(kuo)、市(shi)场(chang)巨(ju)大(da)，已经成为全球建筑业关注的热点(dian)。近年来，我国在通用(yong)(yong)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械和(he)(he)架桥机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、造(zao)楼(lou)机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)装备(bei)(bei)研发应用(yong)(yong)方面取得了显(xian)著进(jin)展，在部品部件生(sheng)产(chan)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)厂(chang)化(hua)、智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)水(shui)平方面也提(ti)高明显(xian)，但在施工(gong)(gong)(gong)现场(chang)，建筑机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)应用(yong)(yong)尚处于(yu)起(qi)步(bu)阶(jie)段。我们要推(tui)进(jin)自动化(hua)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械、3D打印机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等先(xian)进(jin)制造(zao)设(she)备(bei)(bei)、智(zhi)能(neng)设(she)备(bei)(bei)及智(zhi)慧工(gong)(gong)(gong)地相关设(she)备(bei)(bei)的研发、制造(zao)、集成和(he)(he)推(tui)广应用(yong)(yong)，探索(suo)(suo)批量应用(yong)(yong)具备(bei)(bei)人(ren)(ren)机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)协调、自然交互、自主(zhu)学习功能(neng)的建筑机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)，以工(gong)(gong)(gong)厂(chang)生(sheng)产(chan)和(he)(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)现场(chang)关键环节为重点(dian)，不(bu)断(duan)提(ti)升(sheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程质量和(he)(he)效率，降低安全风险。
三是(shi)加快打造(zao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)产业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)互(hu)联(lian)网平(ping)台(tai)，打通工厂“智(zhi)能(neng)制(zhi)造(zao)”和现(xian)场“智(zhi)能(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)”全(quan)流程(cheng)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)进(jin)(jin)(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)数字(zi)化(hua)(hua)转型。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)产业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)互(hu)联(lian)网是(shi)新一代信息技(ji)(ji)术与建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)深度(du)融合形成的(de)关(guan)键基础设施，是(shi)促进(jin)(jin)(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)数字(zi)化(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)升级(ji)的(de)关(guan)键支撑，是(shi)打通建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)上下游产业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)链(lian)、实(shi)现(xian)协(xie)同发展的(de)重要(yao)依托，是(shi)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)动智(zhi)能(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)与建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)协(xie)同发展的(de)重点(dian)内容。我们(men)要(yao)加强顶层设计，制(zhi)定(ding)发展规(gui)划，引导市(shi)场建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)产业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)互(hu)联(lian)网平(ping)台(tai)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)进(jin)(jin)(jin)工业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)互(hu)联(lian)网平(ping)台(tai)在建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)领域的(de)融合应(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，研究开发面(mian)向建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)领域的(de)应(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)程(cheng)序。同时，要(yao)大力(li)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)广BIM（建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)信息模(mo)型）技(ji)(ji)术，加快推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)进(jin)(jin)(jin)BIM技(ji)(ji)术在建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)全(quan)寿命周(zhou)期的(de)一体化(hua)(hua)集成应(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。充(chong)分(fen)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)社(she)会(hui)资(zi)源，共(gong)同建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立、维(wei)护(hu)基于(yu)BIM技(ji)(ji)术的(de)标准化(hua)(hua)部品(pin)部件库，实(shi)现(xian)设计、采购、生产、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)、交付、运(yun)行维(wei)护(hu)等阶段的(de)信息互(hu)联(lian)互(hu)通和交互(hu)共(gong)享。试点(dian)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)进(jin)(jin)(jin)BIM报建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)审(shen)批和施工图(tu)BIM审(shen)图(tu)模(mo)式，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)进(jin)(jin)(jin)与CIM（城市(shi)信息模(mo)型）平(ping)台(tai)的(de)融通联(lian)动，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)信息化(hua)(hua)监管能(neng)力(li)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)行业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)全(quan)产业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)链(lian)资(zi)源配(pei)置效率。
四是(shi)加(jia)大(da)人(ren)(ren)才培育力度，为智能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)与(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工业(ye)化协同发(fa)展提(ti)供智力支撑。要建(jian)(jian)立智能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)人(ren)(ren)才培养(yang)和发(fa)展的(de)(de)长效(xiao)机制，打造(zao)(zao)(zao)多(duo)种形式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)多(duo)层次人(ren)(ren)才培养(yang)平台(tai)。大(da)力培养(yang)装(zhuang)(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)式(shi)(shi)混凝土(tu)(tu)和钢结(jie)(jie)构(gou)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)设(she)计人(ren)(ren)才，提(ti)高建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)行业(ye)专业(ye)技(ji)术人(ren)(ren)员数(shu)字(zi)化水平，培养(yang)既懂土(tu)(tu)木建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)、又能(neng)(neng)(neng)熟练掌握数(shu)字(zi)化技(ji)术的(de)(de)复(fu)合型人(ren)(ren)才。要加(jia)快培育数(shu)字(zi)时代建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)产业(ye)工人(ren)(ren)队(dui)伍，提(ti)高建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工人(ren)(ren)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，加(jia)大(da)对装(zhuang)(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)式(shi)(shi)混凝土(tu)(tu)和钢结(jie)(jie)构(gou)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)紧缺(que)工种的(de)(de)培训力度，引(yin)导企业(ye)培育适应智能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)要求(qiu)的(de)(de)新型产业(ye)工人(ren)(ren)。同时，要加(jia)强后(hou)备(bei)人(ren)(ren)才培养(yang)，鼓励引(yin)导高等(deng)院校(xiao)(xiao)开设(she)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)和装(zhuang)(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)专业(ye)，鼓励企业(ye)和高等(deng)院校(xiao)(xiao)深化合作，提(ti)供人(ren)(ren)才后(hou)备(bei)保(bao)障(zhang)。
推动智(zhi)能(neng)建造与(yu)建筑(zhu)工业(ye)化(hua)(hua)协同(tong)发展是一项复杂且庞大的(de)系统(tong)工程，也是一件新生(sheng)事物，需要不断探索(suo)实践。要继续推动试(shi)点(dian)示(shi)范(fan)工作，探索(suo)适合我国国情的(de)智(zhi)能(neng)建造与(yu)建筑(zhu)工业(ye)化(hua)(hua)协同(tong)发展路径(jing)和模式，加强智(zhi)能(neng)建造及建筑(zhu)工业(ye)化(hua)(hua)应用场景建设，发挥龙头企业(ye)示(shi)范(fan)引(yin)领作用。
今(jin)年(nian)是全面建成小(xiao)康社(she)会(hui)和“十三五”规划(hua)收官之年(nian)，也是“十四(si)五”规划(hua)编制启(qi)动(dong)之年(nian)，我们要总结经验，谋划(hua)未来，坚持(chi)以习近平新(xin)时代(dai)中(zhong)国(guo)特色社(she)会(hui)主义思想为指导，增强“四(si)个意识(shi)”，坚定(ding)“四(si)个自信(xin)(xin)”，做到“两(liang)个维护”，坚定(ding)信(xin)(xin)心，携(xie)手共进(jin)，奋(fen)发有为，为促(cu)进(jin)建筑产业转型升级，实(shi)现(xian)行(xing)业高(gao)质量(liang)发展(zhan)，也为全面建成小(xiao)康社(she)会(hui)、实(shi)现(xian)第一(yi)个百年(nian)奋(fen)斗目标作出更大的贡献。
